Kidney (Renal) failure
Kidney failure means a complete or partial failure of kidneys to function Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the leading causes of kidney failure. In certain cases, sudden interruption in the blood supply to kidney and drug overdoses may also resultin kidney failure.
MAJOR SYMPYOMS
The main symptom of kidney failure is the high level of urea and other wastes in blood, which can result in vomiting, nausea, weight loss, frequent urination and blood in une Excess fluids in body may also cause swelling of legs, feet and face and shortness of breath.
The kidney failure is treated with dialysis and kidney transplant
Dialysis
This means the cleaning of blood by artificial ways. There are two methods of
1.Peritoneal Dialysis
This type of dialysis, the dalysis fluid is pumped for a time into the peritoneal cavity which is the space around gut . This cavity is ined by peritoneum Peritoneum contains blood vessels. When we place dialysis fuid in peritoneal cavity erials from peritoneal blood vessele diffuse into the dialysis fuid, which is then trained out. The type of dialysis can be performed at home, but must be done every day.
In haemodialysis, patient's blood in pumped through an apparatus called dialyzer. The dialyzer contains long tubes, the walls of which act as semi-permeable. Blood flows through the tubes while the dialysis fluid flows around the tubes Extra water and wastes move from blood into the dialysm fuid. The cleansed blood is then returned back to body. The haemodialysis breatments are typically given in dialysis centres three times per week.
Kidney Transplant
We know that dialysis needs to be repeated after every Analyzing and Interpreting: few days and is unpleasant for patients and attendants.
. Rationalize why dialysis
machine is considered as artificial kidney
. Design dialysis apparatus by cellophane paper and empty photographic film
Another treatment for the end-stage kidney failure is kidney transplantation. It is the replacement of patient's damaged kidney with a donor healthy kidney. Kidney may be donated by a deceased-donor or living donor. The donor may or may not be a relative of the patent, Before transplant, the tissue proteins of donor and patient are matched. The donor's kidney is case. transplanted in patient's body and is connected to the patient's blood and urinary system. The average lifetime for a donated kidney is ten toifteen years. When a transplant fails, the patient may be given a second kidney transplant. In this situation, the patient is treated through dialysis for some intermediary time.
Problems after a transplant may include transplant rejection, infections,imbalances in body salts which can lead o bone problems and ulcers.
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